Cases of Human Right in The Land of Papua

Human Rights (HAM) is a concept of humanity and a social relationship whose values ​​are upheld in everyday life. Indonesia is one of the countries that considers the values ​​of human rights important as evidenced by the issuance of Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights as a form of moral and legal responsibility. Indonesia is also quite active in voicing its aspirations regarding human rights in the implementation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in 1948 and other human rights instruments. However, This is very unfortunate where Indonesia as a country that upholds human rights values ​​should play a role in protecting every community and respecting every Indonesian community including the people of Papua with the laws and policies written in each article listed. As we know, Papua is often associated with issues of violence, poverty, underdevelopment and human rights violations. The gap that has occurred in Papua has been going on for more than 50 years and has yet to find a bright spot where the government has been criticized for not being able to implement its policies fairly and seriously.

The case of human rights violations in Papua began in 1969 when the Papuan people were targeted by the state apparatus for military operations. These acts of violence claimed the lives of some Papuan people where the position of the victims was completely unrelated to these acts of violence and acts of violence also resulted in the destruction of the ecology in the region in a long period of time. It is very clear that these individuals have carried out actions that are categorized in the category of cases of human rights violations by not respecting the right to life and welfare of life as fellow human beings, as well as destroying the environment in the area. There are still many other cases that are categorized as human rights violations against the Papuan people. Both to the indigenous Papuans, as well as to migrants residing in Papua,

The state security apparatus has an obligation to protect every Indonesian society from various disturbances of violence, harassment and all things that reduce the value of humanity in Indonesian society to live their social life. However, instead of playing a role in protecting the community, it is the Indonesian security forces who are the cause of the welfare felt by the people in Papua where in this case the conflict continues to escalate and cause distrust and even resistance from the Papuan people to the security forces in Indonesia and the Indonesian government.

Cases of human rights violations that have not yet come to light in Papua are very concerning and create trauma for the majority of the Papuan people due to the absence of comprehensive conflict resolution efforts and the absence of accountability for victims and their families in cases of human rights violations. With the existence of the Special Autonomy Law in Papua regarding Human Rights (HAM) issues, there are still many conflicts and violence that occur, considering that the human rights violations that have occurred to the Papuan people have been going on for a long time even before Papua officially became part of the Republic of Indonesia. It is also difficult for the Papuan people to voice their aspirations with the arrests of big figures and activists by the security forces in several different places in Papua through acts of violence and intimidation. In addition, the government seems to have covered up cases of human rights violations that occurred with the termination of internet access in Papua and West Papua after the arrests and discrimination against Papuan students in 2019 for the reason of preventing the spread of fake news and to speed up security recovery. Even this limitation of internet access is thought to be an effort by the government to make it difficult for journalists and foreign media crews to obtain information. This condition creates a distrust of the Papuan people towards the Indonesian government which has resulted in some community groups fighting and fighting to separate themselves from Indonesia. It is unfortunate, Indonesia is a democratic country that ratifies various regulations on human rights, it is weak and does not prioritize issues in upholding human rights. Cases of human rights violations in Papua as if they did not happen and are covered up in the international world, while the number of violence against the Papuan people continues to increase every day.

This conflict in the Land of Papua has become the driving force for the expansion of cases of human rights violations in Indonesia where this has an impact on Indonesian diplomacy and criticism from the international community. There is the involvement of several international actors who try to interfere in cases that occur against the Papuan people. This was peppered with widespread protests from the Papuan people who wanted to separate themselves from the Republic of Indonesia through actions carried out by pro-Papuan independence groups, especially the Free Papua Organization. The Armed Criminal Group (KKB) is the initiator of the Free Papua movement. The group has even been labeled as a terrorist by the Indonesian government because this has given serious concerns to state security. The deep trauma felt by this group triggers an internal damage that is a factor in criminal acts using illegal and anarchic weapons to the point of killing victims. In this act of violence, the perpetrators not only attacked the security forces, but also attacked civilians living around the area where this group is located, by killing, looting, and even raping innocent victims. The root of the formation of this group is as an effort to liberate Papua and separate itself from the Republic of Indonesia. Apart from that, the other goal of this group is to get cases of human rights violations in Papua to get international attention.

These groups have also managed to get sympathy and also a lot of support from the international party which has become a serious problem for the Indonesian government and the image of Indonesia itself. Where the issues of human rights violations in the land of Papua Issues are often mentioned by other countries in cornering Indonesia when Indonesia is faced with sensitive issues such as human rights and also in some problems of democracy. This has an impact on Indonesia which is labeled a failure in its governance in developing countries and interferes with Indonesia in terms of diplomacy with foreign parties.

Until now, the Government of Indonesia is still considered to have failed to resolve conflicts over human rights violations that continue to escalate and seem to be covered up. Even with the existence of the Papua Special Autonomy Law, it still has not shown a significant change in law enforcement where the welfare and protection of the Papuan people is still a dream that has not been realized. The Papua Special Autonomy Law should be able to reduce cases of human rights violations committed by security forces. And the Indonesian government which continues to delay the completion of cases of past human rights violations that leave deep trauma.

To deal with the internationalization of the Papua case, the Indonesian government itself must understand the roots of the problems in Papua and be more sensitive that the political and economic situation in Papua can greatly affect Indonesia's diplomacy abroad. Because the political and security atmosphere in Indonesia, coupled with the proliferation of the Papuan pro-independence movement, will attract international attention.

In International Relations, every activity in a country will create public opinion where this affects the image formed. The state is required to show an attitude that the state is able to fulfill the national interest of the state and create prosperity in its state. If a country shows its inability to fulfill its national interest and create prosperity, that country will be considered a failure and this will greatly affect the trust of other countries and complicate diplomatic relations. This case of human rights violations in Papua has created a bad image that corners Indonesia's name when faced with the issue of human rights and democracy.

For this reason, the Indonesian government is required not to underestimate this case. Because the neglect of the settlement in this case is believed to be increasingly difficult for the Indonesian government itself and has the potential to further tarnish Indonesia's image in the international world.